Many of South America’s greatest hits can be found in Ecuador, from Andean peaks and the Amazon to tropical beaches, Inca ruins and the wonders of the Galápagos Islands. Pretty impressive for a country that's a fraction of the size of its neighbors!

　　The hardest part of any trip to Ecuador is deciding which part to visit first. To help you on your way, here's our pick of the best places to visit in Ecuador.

1. Quito

　　Strewn across a mountain valley and surrounded by volcanoes, Quito is quite the spectacle. The Ecuadorian capital is a fascinating melange of cultures and a living museum of Spanish-era architecture. For the full panorama, take the TelefériQo gondola up the Pichincha volcano.

　　Back at street level, admire the faded grandeur of the charming, UNESCO-listed old town, calling at Museo de la Ciudad to learn more about the city’s colorful backstory. And visit the churches – Quito has one of the largest collections of old churches in South America, with the Basílica del Voto Nacional and the gilded Church of la Compañía de Jesús among the highlights.

　　Quito’s markets are another must-see. Watch shamanic healers ply their trade at Mercado San Francisco before sampling local specialties such as locro de papas (potato stew), roast guinea pig and cow’s feet soup. And when the sun goes down? Head to La Ronda, a former red-light district turned entertainment quarter, which has live music and lots of cozy bars. 

　　Planning tip: At 2850m (9350ft) above sea level, Quito is one of the world's highest capitals. Give yourself a day or two to acclimatize to the lofty altitude before venturing to the high ground.

2. The Equator 

　　Straddling the equator – hence its name – Ecuador is one of the few places where travelers can take selfies of themselves with one foot in each hemisphere. A huge granite monument dubbed Mitad del Mundo (‘the middle of the world’) marks the location of the equator north of Quito – only it’s in the wrong place.

　　Modern GPS sets the record straight, placing the true equator near the Museo Solar Inti Ñan. Guides here will show you water swirling differently on each side of the line, plus other fun demonstrations relating to the equator. You’ll have to decide for yourself if it’s just a smoke-and-mirrors illusion or a real scientific phenomenon. 

3. Baños

　　Baños is the place to go if you like living dangerously. Its main draw is the menacing Tungurahua volcano, which has been belching lava and ash since the '90s, periodically forcing residents to flee. Why do they come back? Well, the volcano also heats the thermal baths that the town is named after and revered for. The steamy spas are highly restorative after a day of trekking, rafting or mountain biking through the surrounding forests.

　　Planning tip: As well as volcano hikes, Baños is a popular hub for mountain-biking trips, including the dramatic descent to the jungle town of Puyo.

4. The Avenue of Volcanoes 

　　A bit of trivia: the closest point on Earth to the sun is in Ecuador. The bragging rights belong to the 6263m (20,548ft) Chimborazo volcano. We know it’s not the highest summit on the planet – that’s Nepal's Mt Everest – but due to a phenomenon known as equatorial bulge, the planet isn’t perfectly spherical, and the top of Chimborazo is actually closer to the sun than anywhere else.

　　Chimborazo is one of eight snowcapped peaks that line the so-called Avenue of Volcanoes, which runs down Ecuador like a knobbly spine. All these peaks are incredible to hike up or around – if your body can handle the dizzying altitudes. Take it slowly to acclimatize; herds of vicuña, a wild relative of the domesticated llama, will keep you company on the way.

5. The Oriente  

　　Raindrops pattering on leaves, toucans darting between trees, lush greenery on all sides – The Oriente is a must for any naturalist. This steamy hotbed of biodiversity is where the cloud forests that flank the Andes plunge into the Amazon. More than 1600 bird species are found here, giving voice to one of the most glorious dawn choruses on the planet. Hidden in the trees like Bond villain lairs are wonderful ecolodges such as Mashpi, which offer guided nature walks and canoe expeditions, with profits helping fund conservation.

6. Cuenca 

　　Best city for architectural treasures

　　Ecuador’s most beautiful city, Cuenca, has a springlike climate year-round and some of the best-preserved colonial architecture in South America. Its ornate buildings, leafy plazas and blue-domed Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception helped the city earn a rightful place on UNESCO’s World Heritage List. The brutalist Museo Pumapungo proves Cuenca also has a modern outlook, housing a fine collection of contemporary art.

　　Planning tip: In the city’s backyard is Cajas National Park, a mountainous wildlife reserve with alpacas, Andean condors and giant hummingbirds. It's a great sampling platter of what Ecuador has to offer.

7. Ingapirca

　　For a glimpse of the country’s precolonial history, head to Ingapirca, where llamas graze among the best-preserved ruins in Ecuador. The settlement was originally inhabited by the Canari people before the marauding Incas came along. Spanish colonizers would later reduce the place to rubble, but enough remains to give a sense of its former grandeur.

　　Planning tip: Coming with a guide will bring color and context to a tour of the ruins; agencies in Cuenca run regular trips to the site.

8. The Galápagos Islands

　　You could be forgiven for arriving on the islands of the Galápagos archipelago and wondering what all the fuss is about. In places, the archipelago looks more like a desert than a hotbed of biodiversity, but it slowly reveals its secrets – especially when you slip beneath the waves. Here, pirouetting sea lions, stealthy sharks, majestic rays, colorful fish, diving pelicans, swimming iguanas, whales, penguins and more await.

　　Planning tip: Don’t try to do it by yourself. Book a cruise and let resident naturalists provide the context to help you understand this remarkable, one-of-a-kind ecosystem. They'll also point out evolutionary marvels that you would otherwise miss.

9. Otavalo 

　　This picturesque little town is home to one of the largest permanent markets in South America. A one-stop shop for alpaca wool garments, handmade Ecuadorian jewelry, native art and other products made by the Indigenous Otavaleños people, it’s an ideal place to shop for souvenirs before jetting home. And it's easy to reach from Quito by local bus (two hours each way).

10. Guayaquil

　　The beating commercial heart of Ecuador, Guayaquil won’t win first prize in many beauty contests, but its burgeoning cultural scene, lively bars and revitalized neighborhoods are reason enough to hang around. The area known as the Malecón offers a masterclass in urban renewal; this rebooted riverside promenade is lined with sculptures, gardens and restaurants and is home to the quirky Museo en Miniatura, which tells the history of the city using miniature dioramas.

　　The hillside enclave of Cerro Santa Ana is another fine spot to while away an afternoon, with its colorful hillside homes, bars and cafes. For the best food in town, head to the suburb of Urdesa, northwest of the center; for nightlife, try Las Peñas, immediately north of downtown.

　　Planning tip: Check out the Museo Antropologico y de Arte Contemporaneo (MAAC) theater for plays, concerts and films – but don’t expect much in English.

11. The Pacific shoreline

　　The frigid Andes feel a long way away when you’re sipping a cocktail on Ecuador’s Pacific coastline, which boasts a string of excellent beaches. The coastal town of Salinas spills out onto a fine stretch of shoreline, and it has a decent nightlife, making it popular with locals and tourists.

　　More laidback and less developed is the ramshackle beachfront village of Montañita – its cheap digs, decent waves and party vibe attract a steady stream of bronzed backpackers.

　　Planning tip: To escape the crowds, check out the low-key beach towns of Ayangue, north of Salinas, or Puerto Cayo, north of Montañita.