Deeply rooted in Tamil Nadu, Christianity has a profound and historic influence on the State’s vibrant and diverse cultural scene. Tradition suggests St. Thomas, one of Jesus' twelve apostles, arrived on the Malabar Coast (present-day Kerala) in 52 AD, planting the seeds of Christianity in the region. Centuries later, the colonial era saw an influx of Portuguese, Dutch, British, and Italian Christians to Tamil Nadu. Priests came alongside them, serving the colonisers and spreading the faith among the local population. This fascinating history is evident in the numerous churches scattered across the State, some standing tall for centuries. Here's a look at some of these remarkable landmarks.

　　Idaikattur Church, Idaikattur

　　Nestled in the charming village of Idaikattur in Sivaganga district, the Idaikattur Church is a gem of architectural brilliance. Built in 1894 by the passionate French missionary Fr. Ferdinand Celle SJ, this cathedral is a stunning replica of France’s famous Reims Cathedral.

　　As you step inside, you’re immediately enveloped in an atmosphere of elegance and grace. The interior, adorned with over 200 unique tiles and moulded bricks, creates a vibrant tapestry of colour and texture that captivates the eye. The Gothic arches, embellished with intricate terracotta work depicting garlands, flowers, and beads, add to the church’s enchanting beauty. The windows, framed by small brick pillars, are ingeniously designed to mitigate the impact of the hot weather, making your visit comfortable even on the warmest days.

　　The true gem of this church is the main altar. Standing tall with its 45-foot Gothic facade, it beautifully illustrates the Christian doctrine of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This masterpiece of stucco work features meticulously crafted figures of saints, angels, St. Joseph, and the Mother of Sorrows, each detail telling a story of devotion and artistry.

　　Visiting in the last week of June offers a unique experience as the church celebrates its renowned eight-day festival, attracting visitors from across the region. Highlights of the festival include the flag-hoisting ceremony and a grand procession featuring a decorated chariot. Each day of the festival is marked by a sermon dedicated to the Sacred Heart, adding a spiritual dimension to the vibrant celebrations.

　　Our Lady of Snows Shrine Basilica, Thoothukudi

　　Constructed in 1713, the Our Lady of Snows Shrine in Thoothukudi is a Gothic masterpiece dedicated to the Virgin Mary. This shrine holds immense significance for the Tamil Catholic community, symbolising their faith and standing as a testament to their unshakeable devotion to the divine.

　　With its soaring arches, graceful curves, and intricate carvings, the church is a symphony of beauty, a soaring tribute to the glory of the divine. The high vaulted ceiling fills the soul with wonder and awe. The stained glass windows, with their intricate patterns and rich colours, fill the space with a warm and inviting glow. The altar, a masterpiece of design and art, is a sight to behold. The intricately carved wood, the delicate embellishments, and the magnificent depiction of the Virgin Mary create a reverence that permeates every aspect of the shrine.

　　On August 5, the Feast of Our Lady of Snows transforms the shrine into a vision of splendour, celebrating faith in a way that lifts the soul and fills the heart with joy. The festival, a significant event in Thoothukudi, draws pilgrims from across the region, all seeking to honour the Blessed Virgin Mary, renew their commitment to their faith, and experience the profound spiritual power of the shrine.

　　The shrine is open all year and is a place of profound spiritual connection. The dedicated and welcoming staff is always on hand to offer guidance and support. The shrine provides comfortable accommodations for pilgrims looking to stay overnight.

　　Santhome Cathedral And Basilica, Chennai

　　Santhome Church, also known as St Thomas Cathedral Basilica and National Shrine of Saint Thomas, is a Roman Catholic basilica in Chennai, steeped in history and architectural grandeur. Originally constructed by Portuguese explorers over Saint Thomas’s tomb in the 16th century, the British rebuilt the church as a cathedral in 1893. The present Neo-Gothic structure is one of only three churches worldwide built over an apostle’s tomb, the others being St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City and Santiago de Compostela Cathedral in Spain.

　　The church’s white façade and towering spires command attention. Inside, naturally lit interiors, wooden pews, and coloured pane windows create a serene atmosphere. The nave, adorned with stunning chandeliers, is particularly impressive. Stained glass windows behind the main altar depict St Thomas and other apostles. The basilica houses two chapels, one above ground and one below, where a statue of St Thomas rests in a glass case. The tomb is built over the mortal remains of one of Jesus’s 12 apostles, who was martyred in 72 AD. Pilgrims visit daily, adorning the tomb with flowers and candles.

　　The on-site museum is a treasure trove of artefacts, including the spearhead that killed St Thomas, his fingerprint, an Episcopal chair, postage stamps, stone inscriptions of his deeds, his bone remains, and wall paintings of his life and death. A mini theatre shows a film about St Thomas’s life; an old sundial is at the basilica’s rear end.

　　Every year on July 3, the church celebrates the Feast of St Thomas with a flag hoisting ceremony, special mass, and a car procession. This festival, known as St Thomas Fest, lasts 5 to 10 days and draws pilgrims from all over.

　　St Stephen's Church, Ooty

　　Perched on a hill in the Nilgiris, St Stephen’s Church is an architectural gem from the colonial era and a renowned landmark in Ooty. Constructed in the 19th century, the Church’s inception coincided with King George IV’s birthday.

　　The Church’s grandeur is accentuated by its distinctive features. A splendid painting of The Last Supper adorns the area above the panelled doors on the Church’s west wall. Its interior mirrors the serenity of the hillocks it stands on, with stained glass panels depicting scenes such as Mary cradling baby Jesus and Christ’s crucifixion. Rather than housing a conventional bell, the Church’s bell tower features four hammer-like structures attached to an inverted V-shaped plank, producing a musical sound akin to a church bell.

　　St. Mary's Cathedral, Madurai

　　This cathedral in Madurai, known as the Church of Our Lady Dolours, is a must-visit destination due to its religious importance and architectural splendour. With a history spanning over 150 years, it was initially established as a modest chapel. The Church showcases a remarkable fusion of diverse European architectural styles.

　　As the Catholic population in this area grew from 600 to 2,500, the Church underwent a significant expansion around 1972, which included the addition of two Roman-style bell towers. Today, this Church is a notable attraction in Madurai, celebrated for its distinctive blend of beauty and spirituality, merging European, Roman, and continental architectural influences.

　　St. Xavier's Cathedral, Kottar

　　St. Xavier’s Cathedral, located in the suburb of Nagercoil in Kanniyakumari district and built around 1600, stands as a testament to the enduring influence of Christianity in South India, introduced by missionaries centuries ago. The history of the cathedral, a Roman Catholic Latin Rite shrine, is intertwined with that of Francis Xavier, who, during his missionary work, helped defend the region from an invading army. In recognition of his efforts, the then-ruler, Unni Kerala Varma, granted land for the church’s construction.

　　Although St. Xavier was canonised in 1622, records indicate that the church dedicated to him was established in 1605. St. Francis Xavier’s Cathedral in Kottar is acknowledged as the first cathedral in the world to be devoted to St. Xavier. It draws millions of pilgrims and tourists annually, especially during the Feast of St. Francis Xavier, celebrated from November 24 to December 3.

　　The Holy Cross Church, Manapad

　　The Holy Cross Church in Manapad, Thoothukudi district, dates back to the 16th century. This church is a testament to faith and culture, and its intricate carvings and artwork attract visitors. Its serene ambience, imposing pillars, soaring arches and majestic bell tower leave visitors in awe. The elaborate murals and exquisite altarpieces are a marvel to behold. The church holds historical significance and is believed to have been built by Portuguese missionaries, reflecting a blend of European and Indian sensibilities.

　　One of the significant events celebrated here is the Exaltation of the Holy Cross feast, held annually on September 14. This feast is a thanksgiving for Emperor Heraclius’s recovery of the True Cross from the Persians. A relic fragment believed to be from the True Cross of Jerusalem is publicly displayed for thousands from September 1 to 14 every year.

　　Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health, Velankanni

　　The Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health, also known as the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Velankanni, is a revered Marian shrine located in Velankanni, Nagapattinam district. It is fondly known as the “Lourdes of the East” due to its resemblance to Lourdes in France. This minor basilica of the Latin Catholic Church is dedicated to Our Lady of Good Health, and people of all faiths gather at the shrine. Recognising the significance of this town, the Pope in Vatican City has declared Velankanni a Holy City. This Roman Catholic Church features an extended Basilica with two floors, where a statue of Jesus Christ can be found.

　　Built in the Gothic style, the basilica is a significant pilgrimage site for Christians in India. Each year, the annual novena on September 8 draws nearly 5 million pilgrims. The novena is a form of worship consisting of special prayers or services on nine successive days. It’s a time of prayer, reflection, and spiritual preparation leading to the primary feast day.

　　For more details, visit the Tamil Nadu Tourism Board's official page

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