Perched among rolling hills in Tamil Nadu is a historic monument that blends ancient grandeur and architectural brilliance into its very walls. The Gingee Fort has weathered the storms of time and stood tall through centuries of battles and strife. Now, a UNESCO team will visit the monument to determine if it should be accorded a World Heritage Site certification in 2025, after the Indian government nominated it for inclusion on the list.

　　Here’s what you should know about the history of the Gingee Fort in Tamil Nadu’s Villupuram district.

　　Stepping Back In Time At The Gingee Fort

　　Made up of palatial, military and religious structures, the Gingee Fort forms a huge triangular area and sits on three hills: Rajagiri, Krishnagiri and Chandrayanadurg. Constructed mainly in the 16th century by the Vijayanagars and later occupied by the Marathas, Mughals, French and British, it was finally abandoned in the 19th century. By that time its might and impregnability had earned it the nickname of “the Troy of the East” by the British.

　　Also known as the Senji Fort, the structure's sheer scale, dramatic beauty and peaceful setting draw thousands of tourists every year. Its primary attraction is Rajagiri, which houses the multi-storeyed Kalyana Mahal (marriage hall) with its pyramidal top. The lower part of Rajagiri Hill holds the remains of palaces, granaries and an elephant tank. Each turret and watchtower here offers breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding landscape.

　　The 16th-century Venkataramana Temple is another attraction at Gingee Fort. Built by the Nayaks, it stands outside Rajagiri Hill's innermost fortification. The intricate carvings and sculptures adorning the structure depict Hindu gods and goddesses, their forms and faces frozen in time. There’s also an 18th-century mosque called the Sadat Ullah Khan Mosque that sits east of the palace area. As per Tamil legend, the tragic tale of Raja Tej Singh from the Bundela Rajputs is associated with Gingee Fort as well.

　　For the adventurous traveller, the secret passages and underground tunnels of the fort present an exciting opportunity for exploration. They were once used by the fort's defenders to escape in times of siege. The passageways are dark and mysterious and the labyrinthine maze twists this way and that. There is also a site museum at the entrance of the fort that was set up by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) where visitors can see sculptures about the periods and dynasties that ruled the fort. Gingee Fort was declared a monument of national importance by the ASI in 1921.

　　Hiking Krishnagiri is a one-hour round-trip while Rajagiri is a two-hour round-trip. Allow at least half a day to cover both hills and start your trek early in the morning. Most visitors climb Rajagiri, which makes the trek and visit to Krishnagiri quieter. The best time to visit Gingee Fort is from November to February when the weather is pleasant. Remember to carry water with you if you visit.

　　Places To Visit Nearby

　　Arulmigu Arunachaleswarar Temple

　　Nestled amid the Tiruvannamalai Hills lies a majestic jewel of the ancient world: the Arunchalaeswarar Temple. A masterpiece of art and architecture, the temple features Dravidian, Vijayanagara and Chola architectural styles and remains an enduring symbol of spiritual devotion and religious fervour. The intricate carvings and paintings depict the legends and stories of ancient dynasties and kingdoms that once ruled the region. It was built by the Cholas in the 9th century and subsequent dynasties only increased its magnificence. Lord Shiva is worshipped at the temple as Arunachalesvara or Annamalaiyar and is represented by a lingam. His consort Parvati is depicted as Unnamalai Amman or Apithakucha Amba. The best time to visit the temple is during the Karthigai Deepam festival which is held annually during the month of Karthigai. It celebrates the triumph of light over darkness, much like the festival of Diwali. The lighting of the enormous lamp atop the hill during this period inspires awe and wonder in spectators.

　　Alamparai Fort

　　Eighty-two kilometres from Gingee Fort is the grand edifice of Alamparai Fort which overlooks the Bay of Bengal. This historical site was once a thriving port and was commissioned by the Nawab of Carnatic, Dost Ali Khan, in the mid-1700s. Alamparai was built as a fortress to keep away sea invaders and was renowned for its bustling dockyard, where zari fabrics, salt and ghee were exported to far-off lands. The Carnatic Nawabs are believed to have established a large copper minting unit at Alamparai, where they minted coins that would forever bear the legacy of their kingdoms. The fort played a pivotal role in the Anglo-French wars in India, with its owners serving as steadfast allies of the French. Despite the passage of many centuries, it remains a stunningly beautiful and awe-inspiring structure. Whether you are a connoisseur of history, an aficionado of art and architecture, or simply someone seeking a respite from the hectic pace of modern life, Alamparai Fort is a must-visit during your Tamil Nadu tour.

　　Getting There

　　Land at Chennai International Airport (MAA) or take the train to Villupuram Junction (VM). Hire a taxi or bus from either place to the Gingee Fort.