Whether you're on the way to the airport or have already boarded your flight, there's never a good time to find out about flight delays or airline cancellations. While your first priority should be to figure out your backup plan, you might also be wondering if you’re entitled to any kind of compensation.

Turns out that depends on the reason for your travel disruption and the airline you're flying. Some protections are universal — such as being able to get a full refund when your flight is canceled. But for things like meals, hotels and ground transportation, it depends on the airline's commitment to its passengers.

Here's what you need to know about flight delay compensation and protections when airline cancellations occur.

What are you entitled to if your flight is delayed?

The U.S. Department of Transportation has a handy table that outlines the "Commitments for Controllable Cancellations," broken down by airline.

Each airline is committed to rebooking passengers on the same airline at no additional cost. In addition, every airline except Frontier is committed to complimentary hotel accommodations for any passenger affected by an overnight cancellation.

Otherwise, here's what you can expect from different carriers for a "controllable cancellation," per the U.S. Department of Transportation website.

How to find the reason for your flight delay or cancellation

Not all airline cancellations and delays are considered the airline's fault. And airlines aren't required to provide flight delay compensation when a delay or cancellation isn't considered within their control. So, the first step in figuring out if you're due compensation is to figure out the reason for the delay.

The reason for your flight delay might be evident — whether that's a tropical storm blowing through your destination or seeing mechanics working on the aircraft. However, we recommend gathering some proof of the reason for the delay, just in case you need it later.

Some airlines do an excellent job of communicating the reason for the delay. Since June 2018, United Airlines spells out the reason for your delay at the top of your flight details in the United app.

For example, the flight below was delayed due to "troubleshooting a technical issue on your plane."

If you're flying on another airline, you may need to use a service like ExpertFlyer to see the official reason listed for the flight delay or cancellation. For example, this American Airlines flight from Barcelona, Spain to Miami was canceled "due to government action."

When you're entitled to delayed flight compensation from the airline

Now that you know the reason for the delay, you need to figure out if that issue is considered a "controllable" flight delay or cancellation to see if you're due compensation.

Airline cancellations and delays that are "controllable" by the airline

A "controllable" flight cancellation or delay is one where the airline is at some level of fault. The DOT considers the following types of delays as controllable:

Maintenance delays.

Crew scheduling problems.

Fuel or baggage loading issues.

Cabin cleaning delays.

In the previous United example, a delay for "troubleshooting a technical issue" will likely be considered a controllable flight delay. If that flight ends up being significantly delayed or canceled, travelers should expect to receive compensation from the airline.

Examples of cancellations and delays when you won't get compensation

Other types of delays are considered out of the airline's control. For example, airlines generally aren't going to provide overnight accommodations, meals or cover other expenses if a blizzard causes the cancellation of your flight.

Other times that the airline may not be considered at fault include:

Air traffic delays.

Safety- or security-related events.

Infrastructure or utility problems.

Some airlines specifically list other delay reasons that are considered outside the airline's control, such as "passenger illness" (Alaska Airlines), "Federal Aviation Administration-required crew duty limitations" (Southwest Airlines) and "acts of God" (JetBlue Airways). Beware that different airlines may interpret the same situation differently. You can find out the exact terms in the airline's customer service plan or contract of carriage.

Types of compensation for delayed flights

When your flight is delayed, the service that you'll get really depends on the airline you're flying. The DOT tracks the commitments made by all major U.S. airlines to provide various types of compensation for delays or cancellations (as outlined in our "overview" section).

All 10 major U.S. airlines commit to rebooking a passenger on a later flight on the same airline at no additional cost when there's a significant delay. That means the airline will eventually get you where you need to go — as long as there's another flight.

Note that airlines are required to provide a full refund in the case of a cancellation or significant flight change, regardless of if it's the airline's fault. That means you can opt to cancel a trip if a delay or cancellation wrecks your plans.

Other types of compensation for a controllable delay vary between airlines:

Rebooking on another airline: Alaska, American, Delta, JetBlue and United will rebook you on a partner airline in the case of an extended delay. However, Allegiant Air, Frontier, Hawaiian Airlines, Southwest and Spirit don't commit to rebooking you on another airline. Instead, you'll need to wait until the next flight on that airline.

Meals: Almost all major U.S. airlines commit to providing meals or meal vouchers in the case of a delay of three or more hours. The only exception here is Allegiant, which will leave you to fend for yourself during lengthy delays.

Hotels: Again, almost all major airlines will provide a hotel in the case of an overnight delay. The only holdout here is Frontier. And although Spirit will provide you lodging, it doesn't commit to providing you with complimentary ground transportation to your hotel.

What to expect after an airline cancellation

Generally, airlines provide the same compensation in the case of airline cancellations as they do for controllable delays. The only difference is that Hawaiian will rebook you on a partner flight in the case of a controllable cancellation, but it won't do so in the case of a delay.

To summarize, here's the compensation you can expect from major U.S. airlines in the case of a controllable flight cancellation:

Rebooking on a later flight on the same airline at no additional cost (all airlines).

Rebooking on a partner airline at no additional cost (Alaska, American, Delta, Hawaiian, JetBlue, United).

Meal or meal voucher when a cancellation causes a delay of three or more hours (all airlines except Allegiant).

Hotel accommodations for overnight cancellations (all airlines except Frontier).

Ground transportation to and from the hotel (all airlines except Frontier and Spirit).

Other ways to protect yourself from delays and cancellations

If you're on a flight that was canceled due to weather or another reason outside the airline's control, your credit card perks may save the day. Several travel-related credit cards provide trip delay insurance that covers just these types of delays. Among them:

Chase Sapphire Preferred® Card

NerdWallet Rating

NerdWallet's ratings are determined by our editorial team. The scoring formula takes into account the type of card being reviewed (such as cash back, travel or balance transfer) and the card's rates, fees, rewards and other features.

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on Chase's website

Chase Sapphire Reserve®

NerdWallet Rating

NerdWallet's ratings are determined by our editorial team. The scoring formula takes into account the type of card being reviewed (such as cash back, travel or balance transfer) and the card's rates, fees, rewards and other features.

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on Chase's website

The Platinum Card® from American Express

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NerdWallet's ratings are determined by our editorial team. The scoring formula takes into account the type of card being reviewed (such as cash back, travel or balance transfer) and the card's rates, fees, rewards and other features.

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on American Express' website

Rates & Fees

Ink Business Preferred® Credit Card

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NerdWallet's ratings are determined by our editorial team. The scoring formula takes into account the type of card being reviewed (such as cash back, travel or balance transfer) and the card's rates, fees, rewards and other features.

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on Chase's website

Annual fee

$95

$550

$695

$95

Travel protections (not a comprehensive list)

• Trip delay: Up to $500 per ticket for delays more than 12 hours.

• Trip cancellation: Up to $10,000 per person and $20,000 per trip. Maximum benefit of $40,000 per 12-month period.

• Trip interruption: Up to $10,000 per person and $20,000 per trip. Maximum benefit of $40,000 per 12-month period.

• Baggage delay: Up to $100 per day for five days.

• Lost luggage: Up to $3,000 per passenger.

• Trip delay: Up to $500 per ticket for delays more than 6 hours.

• Trip cancellation: Up to $10,000 per person and $20,000 per trip. Maximum benefit of $40,000 per 12-month period.

• Trip interruption: Up to $10,000 per person and $20,000 per trip. Maximum benefit of $40,000 per 12-month period.

• Baggage delay: Up to $100 per day for five days.

• Lost luggage: Up to $3,000 per passenger.

• Trip delay: Up to $500 per trip for delays more than 6 hours.

• Trip cancellation: Up to $10,000 per trip. Maximum benefit of $20,000 per 12-month period.

• Trip interruption: Up to $10,000 per trip. Maximum benefit of $20,000 per 12-month period.

• Lost luggage: Up to $3,000 per passenger.

Terms apply.

• Trip delay: Up to $500 per ticket for delays more than 12 hours.

• Trip cancellation: Up to $10,000 per trip. Maximum benefit of $20,000 per 12-month period.

• Trip interruption: Up to $10,000 per trip. Maximum benefit of $20,000 per 12-month period.

• Baggage delay: Up to $100 per day for five days.

• Lost luggage: Up to $3,000 per passenger.

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Just make sure to keep your receipts and note that your credit card's benefits administrator may request a statement from the airline explaining the reason for the delay.

Alternatively, you might want to take out a travel insurance policy that will cover you in the case of a wide variety of delays — such as bad weather, airline maintenance or personal medical issues. Some travel insurance policies will even let you cancel a trip for any reason, meaning you're covered no matter why your flight was delayed or canceled.

Flight delay compensation recapped

The compensation you'll get in the case of airline cancellations and delays depends on a few factors. First, the delay or cancellation generally needs to be "controllable" by the airline before it will provide any sort of compensation.

Next, you'll need to look to the airline's commitments to see what types of compensation you'll get. Many airlines will provide meals for delays over three hours, a hotel for overnight delays and even rebook you on another airline. However, low-cost airlines — such as Allegiant, Frontier and Spirit — don't commit to providing some of these types of compensation. You might want to factor these commitments into your decision when booking your next trip.

If a flight delay or cancellation isn't considered the airline's fault, look to your credit card perks to see if you have trip delay reimbursement or similar travel protections.