Andhra Pradesh is a treasure trove of traditional craftsmanship, and its rich cultural heritage is reflected in the diverse Geographical Indication (GI) products the state proudly offers. Each GI-tagged product embodies centuries of artistry, deeply intertwined with the region's history, natural resources, and skilled artisans. From intricate textiles and exquisite handicrafts to time-honoured musical instruments, these products are a testament to Andhra Pradesh's enduring legacy. The GI tag not only recognises the uniqueness of these crafts but also provides protection and a global platform, ensuring that the artisans receive their due credit and economic benefits. Here's a look at some of the most remarkable GI products of Andhra Pradesh.

　　Andhra Pradesh Leather Puppetry

　　Among Andhra Pradesh's many treasures, one craft stands as a bridge between the past and the present: Tholu Bommalata, the state's traditional leather puppetry. Rooted in mythology and storytelling, this art form brings epic tales to life through intricate puppets, music, and theatre.

　　Dating back to the 3rd century BCE, Tholu Bommalata flourished under the Vijayanagar Empire, enthralling audiences with its grand performances. The puppets—entirely handcrafted—are made from treated goat or sheep leather, painstakingly designed with intricate patterns, and painted in vivid hues. Strings and wooden sticks give them movement, allowing skilled puppeteers to breathe life into these vibrant characters. A Tholu Bommalata show is nothing short of spellbinding. Tales from the Ramayana and Mahabharata unfold as the puppets dance against the backdrop of glowing screens, accompanied by the soul-stirring strains of Carnatic music. The artistry, the storytelling, and the sheer magic of the performance leave audiences enchanted.

　　Though the modern world challenges this ancient craft, efforts to preserve Tholu Bommalata are in full swing. The GI tag, given in 2008, has recognised its significance, and initiatives by the state government and artisan communities ensure its survival. Visitors can witness this incredible art form firsthand at the Nimmalakunta Leather Puppet Centre, where skilled craftsmen keep this age-old tradition alive.

　　Narasapur Crochet Lace Products

　　In the quaint town of Narsapur, nestled along the Vasista Godavari River in Andhra Pradesh, an age-old tradition of crochet lace-making has flourished for over a century. Known for its delicate patterns and intricate craftsmanship, Narsapur crochet lace stands apart as a testament to the region's artistic heritage. Each piece, meticulously handcrafted, showcases the dexterity and patience of artisans who have mastered transforming fine threads into exquisite lacework. Recognising its cultural and artistic significance, Narsapur crochet lace was granted the GI tag in 2024.

　　What sets Narsapur crochet apart is its technique—artisans use thin crochet needles of varying sizes to create intricate motifs, often inspired by nature and coastal life. The fine lace, crafted in vibrant hues of blue, orange, green, and soft pastels, adorns everything from table runners and cushion covers to elegant apparel and home décor. The craft's hallmark is its intricate detailing, achieved through laborious handwork, giving each piece a unique, timeless appeal.

　　Though introduced by Irish missionaries in the 19th century, the craft has evolved into a distinct regional identity, deeply woven into the cultural fabric of Narsapur. Over generations, artisans have refined the techniques, passing them down as a legacy of creativity and skill. Today, Narsapur crochet lace continues to captivate with its delicate beauty, not just in Indian homes but worldwide, where it remains a prized symbol of Andhra Pradesh's artisanal excellence.

　　Srikalahasthi Kalamkari

　　Srikalahasthi Kalamkari is a timeless art form renowned for its exquisite hand-painted designs on fabric. Originating in the town of Srikalahasthi in Andhra Pradesh's Chittoor district, this craft is an extraordinary blend of artistry and storytelling, with each piece narrating scenes from epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata. Recognised for its intricate detailing, this traditional textile craft received the GI tag in 2008, further cementing its legacy.

　　What sets Srikalahasthi Kalamkari apart is its entirely freehand approach. Unlike Machilipatnam Kalamkari, which relies on block printing, artisans in Srikalahasthi use a pen-like tool crafted from bamboo to create elaborate designs. The process involves seventeen meticulous steps, including treating the fabric, sketching, dyeing, and multiple rounds of washing to achieve the signature depth of colour. The dyes, derived from natural sources such as flowers, roots, and minerals, imbue the fabric with a rich, earthy palette, enhancing its timeless appeal.

　　Apart from its narrative tapestries, this style is revered for its stunning saris, featuring elegant borders and intricately designed pallus. Today, many organisations continue to promote this centuries-old craft, ensuring that the delicate strokes of Srikalahasthi Kalamkari remain a cherished symbol of Andhra Pradesh's artistic heritage.

　　Bobbili Veena

　　The Bobbili Veena, a distinguished variant of the traditional Saraswati Veena, is celebrated for its rich tonal quality and intricate craftsmanship. Hand-carved from a single piece of jackwood, this exquisite instrument hails from Gollapalli, a town in Bobbili, Andhra Pradesh. The unique grain of jackwood enhances the veena's swara (tone), while its lightweight yet sturdy nature ensures resonance and durability. Crafted through an intensive month-long process, each Bobbili Veena is a testament to the artisan's skill and dedication.

　　Dating back to the 17th century, the Bobbili Veena carries a deep-rooted legacy. Its distinctive playing style gave rise to the renowned 'Bobbili Veena Sampradayam.' What sets this veena apart is its exceptional sound and the elaborate carvings that adorn its body, making each instrument a work of art. Even miniature versions, crafted with the same precision and materials, are highly sought after as collectables and gifts.

　　Recognised for its cultural and artistic significance, the Bobbili Veena received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2012. It remains an enduring symbol of Andhra Pradesh's musical heritage, preserving a centuries-old tradition of craftsmanship and melody.